What to know about the game-changing GLP-1 weight loss drugs.
In today’s world, numerous drug options are available for treating various diseases. One such medication that has gained popularity in recent years is GLP-1 drugs. Also known as GLP-1 agonists, GLP-1 receptor agonists, incretin mimetics, or GLP-1 analogs, these drugs are used to treat conditions like type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Benefits of GLP-1 Drugs
Type 2 diabetes affects approximately 1 in 10 Americans, with up to 95% of them having this form of diabetes. GLP-1 drugs have proven to be highly effective in treating type 2 diabetes, a condition characterized by insulin resistance. Over time, despite the body’s production of insulin, the cells become less responsive to it, leading to elevated blood sugar levels and the development of diabetes.
GLP-1 drugs are not only used for type 2 diabetes but are also employed in the treatment of obesity and a few are approved by the FDA for this specific purpose. Studies have shown that these drugs can improve cardiovascular risks, aid in weight reduction, and lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
How GLP-1 Drugs Work
Your gut produces a naturally occurring hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in response to food intake, particularly carbohydrates. GLP-1 hormones bind to specific GLP-1 receptors in various tissues, including the pancreas. Once bound, GLP-1 hormones stimulate the pancreas to produce insulin. Insulin, in turn, helps your body cells absorb sugar from the blood, thus reducing blood sugar levels.
GLP-1 drugs mimic the action of the GLP-1 hormone in your body. When you take a GLP-1 medication, it works in three main ways:
· Stimulates insulin release by the pancreas after eating.
· Inhibits the release of another hormone called glucagon, which prompts the liver to release stored sugars into the bloodstream.
· Slows down glucose absorption into the blood by reducing the rate at which the stomach empties after a meal. This can help you feel more satisfied or prolong the sensation of fullness.
These effects combined help lower blood sugar levels and support other benefits associated with GLP-1 drugs.
Types of GLP-1 Drugs
Several approved forms of GLP-1 drugs are currently available. Here is an overview of the long-acting Injectable GLP-1 Drugs. These drugs are administered via subcutaneous injections once a week.
Tirzepatide (once a week)
Dulaglutide (once a week)
Exenatide extended-release (once a week)
Key Takeaways for GLP-1 Drugs
GLP-1 drugs are medications used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity.
They work by stimulating insulin production, inhibiting glucagon release, and slowing down the absorption of glucose into the blood.
Most GLP-1 drugs are administered through injections, with only one oral option currently available.
While generally well-tolerated, common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
GLP-1 drugs should be avoided in individuals with a family history of medullary thyroid cancer or other endocrine neoplasia. They are also not recommended for those with acute pancreatitis, severe allergic reactions to GLP-1 drugs, pregnancy, gastroparesis, or inflammatory bowel disease.
Adverse Effects of GLP-1 Drugs
Common side effects of GLP-1 drugs include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Additional possible side effects include dizziness, a slight increase in heart rate, infections, headaches, and upset stomach. It’s important to note that GLP-1 drugs can increase satiety, and if you continue to eat despite feeling full, you may experience temporary, mild nausea. If you experience nausea, your healthcare provider can adjust your dosage gradually. As most GLP-1 drugs are administered through subcutaneous injections, there is a chance of injection-site itchiness and redness. Notably, this class of medications carries a low risk of hypoglycemia or low blood sugar.
Individuals with a family history of medullary thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasias, or acute pancreatitis should avoid GLP-1 drugs. Pregnant women, those with severe allergic reactions to GLP-1 medications, or individuals with severe gastrointestinal conditions like gastroparesis and inflammatory bowel disease should also refrain from taking these medications.
Want to Learn More About GLP-1s?
If you have type 2 diabetes, obesity, or simply want to know more about the benefits and side effects of GLP-1 drugs, we encourage you to schedule an appointment with one of our doctors at Neweighs.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance on weight loss strategies and medication options.